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• n  a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation

• It occurs with many disorders including mongolism and some rubella (German measles) defects.
• Chromosomal problems like mongolism or cri-du-chat (cat's cry) syndrome, which leaves an infant with a partially developed head and brain and a peculiar mewing voice, can be .
• Victims of genetically determined mongolism are notoriously susceptible to leukemia.

• mongolianism
• Down's syndrome
• Down syndrome
• trisomy 21