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• n  a singer of folk songs

• Prudent critics have arraigned the artists and musicians of this latter day, not without some show of justice, for being jongleur who, tongue in cheek, execute their insolent .
• The European jongleur and minnesinger have their parallel in the Japanese hanashika, whose tongues have wagged incessantly for some 800 years.

• folk singer
• minstrel
• poet-singer
• troubadour