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• n  the ruler of a province (as in the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire) or certain religious rulers with secular authority
  the election of Makarios III to archbishop gave him the status of the ethnarch of Cyprus

• Like a medieval Pope, the ethnarch is both a secular and religious leader.
• As a further conciliatory gesture, Sir Hugh Foot had written a letter to the exiled ethnarch of Cyprus, Archbishop Makarios, offering to let him return to the island once .
• The ethnarch made one campaign speech condemning "modern hypocrites and Pharisees," and said loftily, "I am the least interested man in these elections.