First let’s all join in a hearty curse of the grammarians who insertedthe wretched apostrophe into possessives in the first place. It was alla mistake. Our ancestors used to write “Johns hat” meaning “the hat ofJohn” without the slightest ambiguity. However, some time in theRenaissance certain scholars decided that the simple “s” of possessionmust have been formed out of a contraction of the more “proper” “Johnhis hat.” Since in English we mark contractions with an apostrophe, theydid so, and we were stuck with the stupid “John’s hat.” Their error canbe a handy reminder though: if you’re not sure whether a noun ending in“s” should be followed by an apostrophe, ask yourself whether you couldplausibly substitute “his” or “her” for the S.The exception to this pattern involves personal pronouns indicating possessionlike “his,” “hers,” and “its.” For more on this point, see “its/it’s.”Get this straight once and for all: when the S is added to a wordsimply to make it a plural, no apostrophe is used (except in expre
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